addr2line -e mongod -ifC <offset>
You can use c++filt to demangle function names by pasting the whole stack trace to stdin.
To find the binary you need:
Download and open the binary:
curl -O http://s3.amazonaws.com/downloads.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-debugsymbols-1.x.x.tgz
You can also find debugsymbols for official builds by clicking list on the Downloads page.
Then, the log has lines like this:
/home/abc/mongod(_ZN5mongo15printStackTraceERSo+0x27) [0x689280]
You want the address in between the brackets 0x689280.
Note you will get more than one stack frame for the address if the code is inlined.
Actual example from a v1.8.1 64 bit linux build:
$ curl http://downloads.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-debugsymbols-1.8.1.tgz > out.tgz
$ tar -xzf out.tgz
$ cd mongodb-linux-x86_64-debugsymbols-1.8.1/
$ cd bin
$ addr2line --help
$ addr2line -i -e mongod 0x6d6a74
/mnt/home/buildbot/slave/Linux_64bit_V1.8/mongo/db/repl/health.cpp:394
$ addr2line -i -e mongod 0x6d0694
/mnt/home/buildbot/slave/Linux_64bit_V1.8/mongo/db/repl/rs.h:385
/mnt/home/buildbot/slave/Linux_64bit_V1.8/mongo/db/repl/replset_commands.cpp:111